How to file an FIR (and what to do if police refuse)

A practical checklist to get your complaint recorded and documented.

FIR & Complaints← Back to guides

Step-by-step checklist

  1. Write a clear complaint: who/what/when/where, and attach evidence list (photos, chats, receipts).
  2. Go to the nearest police station having jurisdiction. Ask to register FIR and request a copy/acknowledgement.
  3. If they refuse: politely ask for the Station House Officer (SHO) and request a written refusal (if possible).
  4. Send the complaint to the Superintendent of Police (SP/DCP) by email/speed post with proof of delivery.
  5. For certain issues (e.g., cyber fraud), also file an online complaint on the relevant government portal and call the helpline.
  6. If still unresolved, consult a lawyer / legal aid to approach the Magistrate with your documents.

Documents needed

  • ID proof
  • Written complaint (2 copies)
  • Evidence: screenshots, call logs, receipts, medical report (if any)
  • Witness details (if any)

Typical timeline

  • Same day: attempt at police station + obtain acknowledgement
  • 1–3 days: escalation to SP/DCP with delivery proof
  • Next step: legal aid/lawyer consultation for Magistrate approach

FAQs

Is FIR copy free?
Generally, you should be able to obtain a copy/acknowledgement. If not provided, document the refusal and escalate.
Should I argue with the police?
Avoid escalation. Stay calm, take notes, and focus on documentation and formal escalation routes.

Related helplines

National Emergency
24x7
Call 112
Police
24x7
Call 100
Cyber Crime Helpline
24x7 • Report financial cyber fraud immediately.
Call 1930
NALSA / Legal Aid
Legal aid / advice referrals (availability varies by state).
Call 15100

Relevant legal provisions

Article 21 — Right to life and personal liberty
Constitution of India
Article 22 — Protection against arrest and detention
Constitution of India
Section 50 — Inform grounds of arrest
Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC)